{"id":608,"date":"2026-02-28T09:31:01","date_gmt":"2026-02-28T01:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wo.city\/?p=608"},"modified":"2026-02-28T09:31:01","modified_gmt":"2026-02-28T01:31:01","slug":"cell-cytoplasm-crowding-gems-nanoparticles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wo.city\/?p=608","title":{"rendered":"\u7ec6\u80de\u91cc\u7684\u8349\u8393\u9171"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u9a97\u4e86\u4f60<\/h2>\n<p>\u7ffb\u5f00\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u672c\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u6559\u6750\uff0c\u4f60\u90fd\u4f1a\u770b\u5230\u90a3\u5e45\u7ecf\u5178\u63d2\u56fe\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u88ab\u5256\u5f00\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u6838\u50cf\u5c0f\u5c9b\u4e00\u6837\u6f02\u6d6e\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\uff0c\u5185\u8d28\u7f51\u4f18\u96c5\u5730\u73af\u7ed5\u5176\u95f4\uff0c\u51e0\u4e2a\u6db2\u6ce1\u548c\u9ad8\u5c14\u57fa\u4f53\u5404\u5c45\u4e00\u9685\uff0c\u80cc\u666f\u662f\u5927\u7247\u7a7a\u65f7\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u57fa\u8d28\u2014\u2014\u6574\u4e2a\u753b\u9762\u5b89\u9759\u3001\u7a00\u758f\u3001\u4e95\u7136\u6709\u5e8f\uff0c\u50cf\u4e00\u5ea7\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6570\u5458\u5de5\u7684\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5de5\u5382\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u628a\u8fd9\u5e45\u753b\u4ece\u8111\u5b50\u91cc\u5220\u6389\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u771f\u80fd\u7f29\u5c0f\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u5ea6\u88ab\u6254\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u4f53\u9a8c\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u51cc\u6668\u4e00\u70b9\u7684\u62e5\u6324\u591c\u5e97\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u79d2\u90fd\u88ab\u90bb\u5c45\u649e\u6765\u649e\u53bb\uff0c\u60f3\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4eba\u7fa4\u53bb\u5bf9\u9762\u62ff\u676f\u6c34\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u7ebd\u7ea6\u5927\u5b66\u6717\u683c\u5c3c\u533b\u5b66\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 Liam Holt 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\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5728\u5927\u591a\u6570\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7b49\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u5e38\u5360\u636e\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u6eb6\u80f6\u4e2d\u6eb6\u89e3\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u4f53\u79ef\u768430%\u523040%\u3002\u6f14\u5316\u4f3c\u4e4e\u628a\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7ec6\u80de\u90fd\u8c03\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ca\u4eba\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u62e5\u6324\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u8981\u9a8c\u8bc1\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u79cd\u529e\u6cd5\u53bb\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u8fd0\u52a8\u3002\u4f60\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u5927\u5c0f\u5408\u9002\u7684&#8221;\u63a2\u9488&#8221;\u3002<\/p>\n<h2>\u5728\u6d3b\u7ec6\u80de\u91cc\u653e\u4e00\u9897\u4f1a\u53d1\u5149\u7684\u5f39\u73e0<\/h2>\n<p>\u62e5\u6324\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u4eba\u5728\u5348\u591c\u7684\u9152\u5427\u91cc\u5bf8\u6b65\u96be\u884c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u53ea\u732b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6beb\u65e0\u969c\u788d\u5730\u7a7f\u68ad\u3002\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u7684\u62e5\u6324\uff0c\u4f60\u7684\u63a2\u9488\u5fc5\u987b\u548c\u53c2\u4e0e\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u5927\u5206\u5b50\u4f53\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u2014\u2014\u592a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u4f1a\u8f7b\u677e\u7a7f\u8fc7\u4eba\u7fa4\uff0c\u6d4b\u4e0d\u51fa\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u62e5\u5835\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2010\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u671f\uff0cHolt \u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u53eb GEMs\uff08genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles\uff0c\u57fa\u56e0\u7f16\u7801\u591a\u805a\u4f53\u7eb3\u7c73\u9897\u7c92\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002GEMs \u662f\u5929\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7403\u5f62\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\uff0c\u76f4\u5f84\u7ea640\u7eb3\u7c73\uff0c\u548c\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u5927\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5728 GEMs \u8868\u9762\u88c5\u4e0a\u7eff\u8272\u8367\u5149\u6807\u7b7e\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u663e\u5fae\u955c\u4e0b\u8ffd\u8e2a\u5b83\u4eec\u7a7f\u8d8a\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u2014\u2014\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u62e5\u6324\u7684\u591c\u5e97\u91cc\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u9897\u4f1a\u53d1\u5149\u7684\u5f39\u73e0\uff0c\u770b\u5b83\u88ab\u6324\u6210\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2018\u5e74\uff0cHolt \u56e2\u961f\u628a GEMs \u653e\u8fdb\u9175\u6bcd\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8425\u517b\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u57f9\u517b\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\uff0c\u6574\u4f53\u62e5\u6324\u5ea6\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u3002\u7ebf\u7d22\u6307\u5411\u4e86 mTORC1\u2014\u2014\u771f\u6838\u7ec6\u80de\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u8425\u517b\u611f\u53d7\u5668\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u638c\u63a7\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u957f\u7684&#8221;\u603b\u5f00\u5173&#8221;\u3002mTORC1 \u6839\u636e\u8425\u517b\u6c34\u5e73\u8c03\u8282\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u7684\u4ea7\u91cf\uff1a\u8425\u517b\u5145\u8db3\u65f6\u52a0\u901f\u751f\u4ea7\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\uff0c\u8ba9\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u63d0\u901f\u3002\u5f53 Holt \u56e2\u961f\u7528\u5316\u5b66\u624b\u6bb5\u6291\u5236 mTORC1\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u6d53\u5ea6\u4e0b\u964d\uff0cGEMs \u5728\u7ec6\u80de\u8d28\u4e2d\u7684\u8fd0\u52a8\u660e\u663e\u52a0\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6362\u53e5\u8bdd\u8bf4\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u4f53\u4e0d\u4ec5\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8d28\u5408\u6210\u7684\u673a\u5668\uff0c\u8fd8\u5145\u5f53\u4e86\u7ec6\u80de\u5185\u90e8\u7684&#8221;\u5929\u7136\u62e5\u6324\u5242&#8221;\u3002\u800c mTORC1 \u5c31\u662f\u90a3\u4e2a\u63a7\u5236\u62e5\u6324\u5ea6\u7684\u65cb\u94ae\u3002\u5339\u5179\u5821\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6 Arohan Subramanya \u8bc4\u4ef7\u8fd9\u7bc7\u8bba\u6587&#8221;\u5f71\u54cd\u529b\u6781\u5927&#8221;\u2014\u2014\u5b83\u81f3\u4eca\u5df2\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u8fd1500\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u60ac\u800c\u672a\u51b3\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53d1\u73b0\u5168\u90e8\u6765\u81ea\u5355\u7ec6\u80de\u9175\u6bcd\u548c\u57f9\u517b\u76bf\u4e2d\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u7ec6\u80de\u3002\u5728\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u591a\u7ec6\u80de\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u5185\uff0c\u7ec6\u80de\u662f\u5426\u9075\u5faa\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff1f<\/p>\n<h2>\u8702\u871c\u4e0e\u8349\u8393\u9171<\/h2>\n<p>2018\u5e74\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6 G.W. Gant Luxton \u5728\u4f0d\u5179\u970d\u5c14\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u548c Holt \u559d\u4e86\u4e00\u676f\u5496\u5561\u3002\u51e0\u5206\u949f\u5185\u4ed6\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1a\u628a GEMs \u653e\u8fdb\u79c0\u4e3d\u9690\u6746\u7ebf\u866b\uff08<i>C. elegans<\/i>\uff09\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u79cd\u53ea\u6709\u4e00\u6beb\u7c73\u957f\u7684\u900f\u660e\u8815\u866b\u662f\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u900f\u660e\u7684\u8eab\u4f53\u8ba9\u8367\u5149\u63a2\u9488\u65e0\u6240\u9041\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Luxton \u8054\u7cfb\u4e86\u9057\u4f20\u5b66\u5bb6 Daniel Starr\uff0c\u4e24\u4eba\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5206\u6821\u7ec4\u5efa\u4e86\u8054\u5408\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u3002\u8ba9\u7ebf\u866b\u81ea\u5df1\u751f\u4ea7 GEMs 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